
<img src="dr0iconstruction.gif" align="left"><b>
This module is under RE-consruction. <br>I am breaking up the original large science file into individual proofs</b>
<br>Project will be complete by July 15, 2015<br><br>

====================

<a name="nsys"> </a>  
<p class="newpage">
<img src="dr0idotdfish.gif" width="22" heigh="13" alt="Theory">
<span class="hdr5"><b>Theory: Nucleosynthesis (Creating New Elements)</b></span><br>
This entire discussion is a theory about how this model of hydrogen also models all other elements.

<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="290" align="right">
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th colspan="22">Table 11.1 - Hydrogen Atom</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff">
	<th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="5">Proton</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#ffcc00" colspan="3">Neutron</th> 
	<th colspan="7">Positron</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#cc77ff" colspan="7">Antileptons</th> 
   </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#94d639">1</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="2" width="7%">1</th><th bgcolor="#99ff00">2</th><th bgcolor="#99ff00">3</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">1</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">2</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">3</th> 
	<th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th><th bgcolor="#cc77ff">8</th>
	<th bgcolor="#cc77ff">9</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">10</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">11</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">12</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">13</th><th bgcolor="#cc77ff">14</th> 
  </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"><th bgcolor="#94d639" width="3%">2</th> 
	<th rowspan="6" colspan="3" bgcolor="#99ff00">Proton <br><sup>1</sup>H</th> 
	<th rowspan="6" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffcc00">Neutron <br><sup>1</sup>H</th> 
	<th rowspan="3" colspan="14" rowspan="2">Positron <br><sup>1</sup>H</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff">&nbsp;</th> <th bgcolor="#94d639">3</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th bgcolor="#94d639">4</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff">&nbsp;</th> <th bgcolor="#94d639">5</th>
	<th rowspan="3" colspan="14" rowspan="2">Electron <br><sup>1</sup>H</th>
</tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th bgcolor="#94d639">6</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th rowspan="2">8</th> <th>7</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="2">Up</th><th bgcolor="#99ff00">Dn</th><th bgcolor="#99ff00">Up</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">Dn</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">Up</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">Dn</th> 
	<th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th><th bgcolor="#cc77ff">8</th>
	<th bgcolor="#cc77ff">9</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">10</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">11</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">12</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">13</th><th bgcolor="#cc77ff">14</th> 
 </tr>

  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff">
	<th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="2">g</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="3">Proton</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#ffcc00" colspan="3">Neutron</th> 
	<th colspan="7">Electron</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#cc77ff" colspan="7">Leptons</th> 
   </tr>
</table>
 
Our physics model is based on hydrogen, but other elements must also have the same design.
When atoms merge to form new elements how do they retain this Mishkan shape and a ball structure? 
<ul class="smalltxt" type="square">
  <li><b>Stacks</b>. Can the merging be seen as stacks of sanctuaries which discard the intermediate roof structures and bases? Do those bases connect the lower and upper structures and discard only the excess roof?
  <li><b>Onion Model</b>. Are they merged on the same plane like layers of an onion, discarding excess roof material, columns and bases? 

  <li><b>Stable Sea Quarks</b>. Another onion model, but the quark layers are internal because the sea quarks become valence quarks. The increasingly unstable nucleus is stretched like a balloon as the atomic number increases.
 <li><b>Torroidal Sphere</b>. Are they arranged like a ball with disc platters? 
<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="194" align="right">
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff">
	<th>Figure 11a - Beryllium</th>
	<th><img src="dr0isciplatter.gif" width="170" height="100" alt="Atom" align="right"></th> 
   </tr>
</table>

Each sanctuary is stacked in a ring and threaded through the structure with the west end facing the center and the eastern end on the outside of the sphere and the north and south arms being the top and bottom platters.
Such a structure would have a practical limit as to the number of basic structures that can fit into the sphere.
The limit appears to be 118-120 mishkans.
<br><b>&#187; 3-D Orientation</b>. 
The objects could be arranged with their western walls at the center like a merry-go-round or a ferris wheel.
Within this circular arrangement they could also extend like a spiral. The structure would eventually form a cone with hydrogen at the top

<br><b>&#187; Weak Force (W+/W-)</b>. The fabric layers are exposed on the outer surface. Gravity is the outermost layer/skin.
<br><b>&#187; Electrons</b>. Electrons are shared on the eastern end.

<br><b>&#187; Crystal Structure</b>.
It would probably have a specific pattern in the way it fills the sphere having an even angle of separation between each sanctuary. This would be the basis of a crystalline lattice structure in lighter elements.
While heavier elements would come to resemble a circle in their arrangement.
<br>
The structure on the right would be Beryllium with four basic sanctuary structures arranged 90 degrees apart. 
Other arrangements may be possible. If they are arranged in pairs, then the structure would be two pairs 180 degrees apart.
This versatility makes it possible for atoms like carbon to have different crystalline structures.
<br>
This model would correctly cause each atom to look like a sphere with the electrons facing the outer layers and the nucleus in the center.
</ul>
</p>

<a name="ns"> </a>  
<p class="smalltxt">
<span class="hdrbr2"><b>&#187; Sub-Atomic Particle Structure</b></span>. 

<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="140" align="right">
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"><th colspan="8">Table 11.2a - Proton</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th colspan="2">8</th> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="4">-</th> <th colspan="2">1</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th bgcolor="#99ff00" rowspan="2">Up</th><th>7</th><th>6</th><th>5</th><th>4</th><th>3</th><th>2</th><th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#99ff00">Up</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#99ff00"> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="6" rowspan="3">Proton <br>(14 Boards)</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#99ff00"><th>Dn</th> <th>Dn</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#99ff00"><th>Up</th> <th>Up</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#99ff00"> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="8">
<img src="dr0ibullet1.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet1.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; z &nbsp; &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet1.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet1.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">
</th> </tr>
</table>

I used the reactions in these main processes of nuclear fusion and fission to determine what represents each particle.
<br>

I am assuming that most particles are constructed from one basic particle (board) which becomes a different object by the way it is arranged.
I am also basing the following discussion on the assumption that the torroidal sphere is correct.
<ul class="smalltxt" type="square">
  <li><b>Proton (<sup>1</sup>H)</b>. The eight boards on the western wall and three boards from the north and three boards from the south wall, half of the Z force (4 columns) and half a covering with its rings (20 cubits).

<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="140" align="right">
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"><th colspan="8">Table 11.2b - Neutron</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th colspan="2">8</th> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="4">-</th> <th colspan="2">1</th> </tr>

  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th bgcolor="#ffcc00" rowspan="2">Dn</th><th>7</th><th>6</th><th>5</th><th>4</th><th>3</th><th>2</th><th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ffcc00">Dn</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffcc00"> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="6" rowspan="3">Neutron <br>(14 Boards)</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffcc00"><th>Up</th> <th>Up</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffcc00"><th>Dn</th> <th>Dn</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffcc00"> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="8">
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; 
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z"> &nbsp; &nbsp; z &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; 
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">
</th> </tr>
</table>
  <li><b>Neutron</b>. It is the same structure as <sup>1</sup>H with these exceptions. 
The Z force is now 5 columns and the goat's hair layer has 6 panels (24 cubits). This would make the neutron slightly heavier than the proton.
If the neutron is less stable and lighter then it is constructed from the Z force and 6 boards.
  <li><b>Electron</b>. The 14 boards that make the hydrogen proton or neutron are realigned to make the electrons on one wall. So 2 protons make all the leptons needed.
<br>
	The Proton chain reaction seems to take 2 protons and not use them. Normally the solar process strips away electrons. 
If they are not stripped away then perhaps these two unused protons are converted into the electrons (28 leptons).

  <br><b>My Assumption:</b> 
<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="590" >
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Hydrogen</th><td>
<span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H</td><td> + <sup>1</sup>H </td><td><span class="clrgr2"><b>+ 2(<sup>1</sup>H) </b></span> 
</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top"><br><img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"></td><td> 
<sup>2</sup>H </td><td><span class="clrgr2"><b>+ 1 Electron</b></span></td><td><span class="clrgr2"><b> + 1 Positron</b></span> </td><td>+ 1 Neutrino </td><td>+ 1 (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
</td> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Boards</th> <td>14</td><td>14</td><td>28</td><td>20</td><td colspan="2">28</td><td colspan="2">8</td></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Columns</th> <td>4</td><td>5</td><td>8</td> <td colspan="3">9</td><td colspan="2">8</td></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Roof</th> <td>&#189;</td><td>&#189;</td><td>&#189; + &#189;</td> <td colspan="3">1</td><td colspan="2">&#189; + &#189;</td></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Board Bars</th> <td>12</td><td>12</td><td>24</td><td colspan="3">46</td><td colspan="2">2 (If there are no bars for the back boards)</td></tr>
</table>
The board bar is the number of boards that will be coupled by the available bars.
<br>
This leaves excess boards, roof material and columns. They must escape as light, gamma rays and the neutrino.

  <li><b>Alpha Particle (<sup>4</sup>He)</b>. Two stacks of Hydrogen 180 degrees apart. 

<br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Proton-Proton Chain (Hydrogen Fusion)</b></span>. 
  <br> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>4</sup>He + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + 2 Positrons + 2 Neutrinos + 2 (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
  <br><b>Net Result:</b> <span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>4</sup>He + 2 Positrons + 2 Neutrinos + 2 (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals">  Light)</b></span>.

<br>
<br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO) Cycle (Hydrogen Fusion)</b></span>. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen act as a catalyst. 
I am assuming that they act as catalysts because of angles they form (60-50-45 degrees) facilitate easier access.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>12</sup>C <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light) + <sup>13</sup>N + 1 Positron + 1 Neutrino + <sup>13</sup>C </b></span>
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>13</sup>C <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light) + <sup>14</sup>N </b></span>
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>14</sup>N <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light) + <sup>15</sup>O + 1 Positron + 1 Neutrino + <sup>15</sup>N </b></span>
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>15</sup>N <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>4</sup>He + <sup>12</sup>C </b></span>

  <br><b>Net Result:</b> <span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>4</sup>He + (2 Positrons + 2 Neutrinos) <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> 3 (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
 
<br>
  <br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Triple Alpha Process (Helium Fusion)</b></span>. Three helium nucleii are transformed into carbon.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>4</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>8</sup>Be </b></span>
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>8</sup>Be <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>12</sup>C + (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals">  Light)</b></span>.
<br>
  <br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Alpha Process (Helium Fusion)</b></span>. Creates elements from carbon to titanium.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>12</sup>C <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>16</sup>O + (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>16</sup>O <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>20</sup>Ne + (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>20</sup>Ne <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>24</sup>Mg + (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
<br>
  <br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Silicon Burning Process (Fusion of Heavier Elements)</b></span>. C, N, O and S burning
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>2</sup>He + <sup>14</sup>Si <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>16</sup>S
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>18</sup>Ar 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>20</sup>Ca 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>22</sup>Ti 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>24</sup>Cr 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>26</sup>Fe 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>28</sup>Ni </b></span>
<br>
The entire silicon burning sequence lasts about one day and stops when nickel<sup>56</sup> has been produced. 
The star has run out of nuclear fuel and within minutes begins to contract. 
The center of the star is crushed into either a neutron star or a black hole. 

<br>
  <br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Elements Heavier than Iron</b></span>. These elements are created from a number of processes that involve capturing or knocking out protons and neutrons.
The Rapid Proton Capture Process creates elements up to Tellurium.
 </b></span>
  <li><b>Isotopes</b>. If we assume that new elements are created by linking sanctuaries, then how are isotopes formed?
They may be created with incomplete sanctuaries.
The defective sanctuary is eroded from the outer edge to the inner core which represents the proton. When that is lost it becomes a new element.
So electrons, then neutrons and then protons are stripped away.

</ul>
</p>
 
<a name="nsys"> </a>  
<p class="newpage">
<img src="dr0idotdfish.gif" width="22" heigh="13" alt="Theory">
<span class="hdr5"><b>Theory: Nucleosynthesis (Creating New Elements)</b></span><br>
This entire discussion is a theory about how this model of hydrogen also models all other elements.

<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="290" align="right">
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th colspan="22">Table 11.1 - Hydrogen Atom</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff">
	<th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="5">Proton</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#ffcc00" colspan="3">Neutron</th> 
	<th colspan="7">Positron</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#cc77ff" colspan="7">Antileptons</th> 
   </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#94d639">1</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="2" width="7%">1</th><th bgcolor="#99ff00">2</th><th bgcolor="#99ff00">3</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">1</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">2</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">3</th> 
	<th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th><th bgcolor="#cc77ff">8</th>
	<th bgcolor="#cc77ff">9</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">10</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">11</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">12</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">13</th><th bgcolor="#cc77ff">14</th> 
  </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"><th bgcolor="#94d639" width="3%">2</th> 
	<th rowspan="6" colspan="3" bgcolor="#99ff00">Proton <br><sup>1</sup>H</th> 
	<th rowspan="6" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffcc00">Neutron <br><sup>1</sup>H</th> 
	<th rowspan="3" colspan="14" rowspan="2">Positron <br><sup>1</sup>H</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff">&nbsp;</th> <th bgcolor="#94d639">3</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th bgcolor="#94d639">4</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff">&nbsp;</th> <th bgcolor="#94d639">5</th>
	<th rowspan="3" colspan="14" rowspan="2">Electron <br><sup>1</sup>H</th>
</tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th bgcolor="#94d639">6</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th rowspan="2">8</th> <th>7</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"> <th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="2">Up</th><th bgcolor="#99ff00">Dn</th><th bgcolor="#99ff00">Up</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">Dn</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">Up</th><th bgcolor="#ffcc00">Dn</th> 
	<th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th><th bgcolor="#cc77ff">8</th>
	<th bgcolor="#cc77ff">9</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">10</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">11</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">12</th> <th bgcolor="#cc77ff">13</th><th bgcolor="#cc77ff">14</th> 
 </tr>

  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff">
	<th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="2">g</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#99ff00" colspan="3">Proton</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#ffcc00" colspan="3">Neutron</th> 
	<th colspan="7">Electron</th> 
	<th bgcolor="#cc77ff" colspan="7">Leptons</th> 
   </tr>
</table>
 
Our physics model is based on hydrogen, but other elements must also have the same design.
When atoms merge to form new elements how do they retain this Mishkan shape and a ball structure? 
<ul class="smalltxt" type="square">
  <li><b>Stacks</b>. Can the merging be seen as stacks of sanctuaries which discard the intermediate roof structures and bases? Do those bases connect the lower and upper structures and discard only the excess roof?
  <li><b>Onion Model</b>. Are they merged on the same plane like layers of an onion, discarding excess roof material, columns and bases? 

  <li><b>Stable Sea Quarks</b>. Another onion model, but the quark layers are internal because the sea quarks become valence quarks. The increasingly unstable nucleus is stretched like a balloon as the atomic number increases.
 <li><b>Torroidal Sphere</b>. Are they arranged like a ball with disc platters? 
<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="194" align="right">
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff">
	<th>Figure 11a - Beryllium</th>
	<th><img src="dr0isciplatter.gif" width="170" height="100" alt="Atom" align="right"></th> 
   </tr>
</table>

Each sanctuary is stacked in a ring and threaded through the structure with the west end facing the center and the eastern end on the outside of the sphere and the north and south arms being the top and bottom platters.
Such a structure would have a practical limit as to the number of basic structures that can fit into the sphere.
The limit appears to be 118-120 mishkans.
<br><b>&#187; 3-D Orientation</b>. 
The objects could be arranged with their western walls at the center like a merry-go-round or a ferris wheel.
Within this circular arrangement they could also extend like a spiral. The structure would eventually form a cone with hydrogen at the top

<br><b>&#187; Weak Force (W+/W-)</b>. The fabric layers are exposed on the outer surface. Gravity is the outermost layer/skin.
<br><b>&#187; Electrons</b>. Electrons are shared on the eastern end.

<br><b>&#187; Crystal Structure</b>.
It would probably have a specific pattern in the way it fills the sphere having an even angle of separation between each sanctuary. This would be the basis of a crystalline lattice structure in lighter elements.
While heavier elements would come to resemble a circle in their arrangement.
<br>
The structure on the right would be Beryllium with four basic sanctuary structures arranged 90 degrees apart. 
Other arrangements may be possible. If they are arranged in pairs, then the structure would be two pairs 180 degrees apart.
This versatility makes it possible for atoms like carbon to have different crystalline structures.
<br>
This model would correctly cause each atom to look like a sphere with the electrons facing the outer layers and the nucleus in the center.
</ul>
</p>

<a name="ns"> </a>  
<p class="smalltxt">
<span class="hdrbr2"><b>&#187; Sub-Atomic Particle Structure</b></span>. 

<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="140" align="right">
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"><th colspan="8">Table 11.2a - Proton</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th colspan="2">8</th> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="4">-</th> <th colspan="2">1</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th bgcolor="#99ff00" rowspan="2">Up</th><th>7</th><th>6</th><th>5</th><th>4</th><th>3</th><th>2</th><th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#99ff00">Up</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#99ff00"> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="6" rowspan="3">Proton <br>(14 Boards)</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#99ff00"><th>Dn</th> <th>Dn</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#99ff00"><th>Up</th> <th>Up</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#99ff00"> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="8">
<img src="dr0ibullet1.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet1.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; z &nbsp; &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet1.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet1.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">
</th> </tr>
</table>

I used the reactions in these main processes of nuclear fusion and fission to determine what represents each particle.
<br>

I am assuming that most particles are constructed from one basic particle (board) which becomes a different object by the way it is arranged.
I am also basing the following discussion on the assumption that the torroidal sphere is correct.
<ul class="smalltxt" type="square">
  <li><b>Proton (<sup>1</sup>H)</b>. The eight boards on the western wall and three boards from the north and three boards from the south wall, half of the Z force (4 columns) and half a covering with its rings (20 cubits).

<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="140" align="right">
  <tr bgcolor="#66ffff"><th colspan="8">Table 11.2b - Neutron</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th colspan="2">8</th> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="4">-</th> <th colspan="2">1</th> </tr>

  <tr bgcolor="#94d639"><th bgcolor="#ffcc00" rowspan="2">Dn</th><th>7</th><th>6</th><th>5</th><th>4</th><th>3</th><th>2</th><th rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ffcc00">Dn</th></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffcc00"> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="6" rowspan="3">Neutron <br>(14 Boards)</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffcc00"><th>Up</th> <th>Up</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffcc00"><th>Dn</th> <th>Dn</th> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffcc00"> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="8">
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; 
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z"> &nbsp; &nbsp; z &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp;
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">&nbsp; &nbsp; 
<img src="dr0ibullet3.gif" width="11" height="11" alt="Z">
</th> </tr>
</table>
  <li><b>Neutron</b>. It is the same structure as <sup>1</sup>H with these exceptions. 
The Z force is now 5 columns and the goat's hair layer has 6 panels (24 cubits). This would make the neutron slightly heavier than the proton.
If the neutron is less stable and lighter then it is constructed from the Z force and 6 boards.
  <li><b>Electron</b>. The 14 boards that make the hydrogen proton or neutron are realigned to make the electrons on one wall. So 2 protons make all the leptons needed.
<br>
	The Proton chain reaction seems to take 2 protons and not use them. Normally the solar process strips away electrons. 
If they are not stripped away then perhaps these two unused protons are converted into the electrons (28 leptons).

  <br><b>My Assumption:</b> 
<table class="smalltxt" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="590" >
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Hydrogen</th><td>
<span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H</td><td> + <sup>1</sup>H </td><td><span class="clrgr2"><b>+ 2(<sup>1</sup>H) </b></span> 
</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top"><br><img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"></td><td> 
<sup>2</sup>H </td><td><span class="clrgr2"><b>+ 1 Electron</b></span></td><td><span class="clrgr2"><b> + 1 Positron</b></span> </td><td>+ 1 Neutrino </td><td>+ 1 (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
</td> </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Boards</th> <td>14</td><td>14</td><td>28</td><td>20</td><td colspan="2">28</td><td colspan="2">8</td></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Columns</th> <td>4</td><td>5</td><td>8</td> <td colspan="3">9</td><td colspan="2">8</td></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Roof</th> <td>&#189;</td><td>&#189;</td><td>&#189; + &#189;</td> <td colspan="3">1</td><td colspan="2">&#189; + &#189;</td></tr>
  <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"><th>Board Bars</th> <td>12</td><td>12</td><td>24</td><td colspan="3">46</td><td colspan="2">2 (If there are no bars for the back boards)</td></tr>
</table>
The board bar is the number of boards that will be coupled by the available bars.
<br>
This leaves excess boards, roof material and columns. They must escape as light, gamma rays and the neutrino.

  <li><b>Alpha Particle (<sup>4</sup>He)</b>. Two stacks of Hydrogen 180 degrees apart. 

<br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Proton-Proton Chain (Hydrogen Fusion)</b></span>. 
  <br> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>4</sup>He + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + 2 Positrons + 2 Neutrinos + 2 (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
  <br><b>Net Result:</b> <span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>4</sup>He + 2 Positrons + 2 Neutrinos + 2 (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals">  Light)</b></span>.

<br>
<br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO) Cycle (Hydrogen Fusion)</b></span>. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen act as a catalyst. 
I am assuming that they act as catalysts because of angles they form (60-50-45 degrees) facilitate easier access.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>12</sup>C <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light) + <sup>13</sup>N + 1 Positron + 1 Neutrino + <sup>13</sup>C </b></span>
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>13</sup>C <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light) + <sup>14</sup>N </b></span>
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>14</sup>N <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light) + <sup>15</sup>O + 1 Positron + 1 Neutrino + <sup>15</sup>N </b></span>
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>15</sup>N <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>4</sup>He + <sup>12</sup>C </b></span>

  <br><b>Net Result:</b> <span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H + <sup>1</sup>H <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>4</sup>He + (2 Positrons + 2 Neutrinos) <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> 3 (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
 
<br>
  <br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Triple Alpha Process (Helium Fusion)</b></span>. Three helium nucleii are transformed into carbon.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>4</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>8</sup>Be </b></span>
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>8</sup>Be <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>12</sup>C + (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals">  Light)</b></span>.
<br>
  <br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Alpha Process (Helium Fusion)</b></span>. Creates elements from carbon to titanium.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>12</sup>C <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>16</sup>O + (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>16</sup>O <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>20</sup>Ne + (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>4</sup>He + <sup>20</sup>Ne <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>24</sup>Mg + (Gamma ray <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> Light)</b></span>.
<br>
  <br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Silicon Burning Process (Fusion of Heavier Elements)</b></span>. C, N, O and S burning
  <br><span class="clrbr2"><b><sup>2</sup>He + <sup>14</sup>Si <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>16</sup>S
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>18</sup>Ar 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>20</sup>Ca 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>22</sup>Ti 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>24</sup>Cr 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>26</sup>Fe 
	 + <sup>2</sup>He <img src="dr0idotarwr.gif" width="15" height="10" alt="Equals"> <sup>28</sup>Ni </b></span>
<br>
The entire silicon burning sequence lasts about one day and stops when nickel<sup>56</sup> has been produced. 
The star has run out of nuclear fuel and within minutes begins to contract. 
The center of the star is crushed into either a neutron star or a black hole. 

<br>
  <br><span class="clrblu"><b>&#187; Elements Heavier than Iron</b></span>. These elements are created from a number of processes that involve capturing or knocking out protons and neutrons.
The Rapid Proton Capture Process creates elements up to Tellurium.
 </b></span>
  <li><b>Isotopes</b>. If we assume that new elements are created by linking sanctuaries, then how are isotopes formed?
They may be created with incomplete sanctuaries.
The defective sanctuary is eroded from the outer edge to the inner core which represents the proton. When that is lost it becomes a new element.
So electrons, then neutrons and then protons are stripped away.

</ul>
</p>
 


